QR codes, NFC, Bluetooth, and RFID are distinct wireless technologies with unique applications. NFC (Near Field Communication) stands out for secure, short-range interactions like payments and access control. Here’s a detailed comparison and a breakdown of how NFC operates.
1. Technology Comparison
Feature
QR Codes
NFC
Bluetooth
RFID
Range
Visual line-of-sight (0–5 m)
0–10 cm
10–100 m
1 cm–100 m (passive/active tags)
Data Transfer
Static data (URLs, text)
Two-way dynamic data exchange
High-bandwidth (audio, files)
One-way ID/tracking
Power Source
None (printed)
Powered by reader (passive)
Requires battery (BLE/Classic)
Passive (reader-powered) or active (battery)
Security
Low (easily copied)
High (encryption, short range)
Medium (pairing required)
Varies (HF/UHF standards)
Use Cases
Marketing, menus
Payments, access control
Wireless headphones, IoT sensors
Inventory tracking, toll systems
2. How NFC Works
Components:
NFC Tag: Contains a microchip and antenna; stores data (e.g., payment info).
NFC Reader/Device: Smartphones or terminals that generate radio waves to power passive tags.
Software: Manages data exchange (e.g., Apple Pay, Cykeo’s TapSecure Platform).
Process:
Initiation: An NFC-enabled device (e.g., smartphone) emits a 13.56 MHz radio field.
Tag Activation: A passive NFC tag within range draws power from the field and activates.
Data Exchange: The tag transmits encrypted data (e.g., payment token) to the reader.
Action: The reader processes the data (e.g., completes a transaction).
3. Why NFC Excels in Secure Applications
Short Range: Reduces eavesdropping risks.
Encryption: AES-128 or TLS protocols protect sensitive data.
Dynamic Authentication: Tokens change per transaction to prevent cloning.
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