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MoreWhat exactly is an RFID card?
An RFID card is a credit card-sized device that uses embedded radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to wirelessly transmit data. Unlike traditional cards with magnetic stripes, RFID cards contain a microchip and antenna that communicate with readers via electromagnetic fields, enabling touchless authentication, payments, and secure access.
1. Core Components & How They Work
🧩 Inside Your RFID Card:
- Microchip: Stores encrypted data (e.g., user ID, access permissions).
- Antenna Coil: Harvests power from a reader’s radio waves (no battery needed).
- Substrate: Layered plastic (PVC/ABS) protecting components from bending or damage.
🔄 Communication Flow:
- Energy Transfer: Card enters reader’s electromagnetic field (typically 2–10cm range).
- Data Activation: Reader’s radio waves power the microchip.
- Secure Transmission: Encrypted data transmitted at 13.56 MHz (HF band).
💡 Key fact: Passive RFID cards never require charging – all energy comes from the reader.
2. Types of RFID Cards
| Type | Frequency | Primary Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Low Frequency (LF) | 125 kHz | Animal tracking, basic access |
| High Frequency (HF) | 13.56 MHz | Contactless payments, secure access |
| Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) | 860–960 MHz | Warehouse inventory tools |
Note: Most “RFID cards” refer to HF systems (ISO 14443/15693 standards) used in security and finance.
3. Security Technologies
🔒 Protecting Against Unauthorized Scans:
- Encrypted Authentication: AES-128 encryption handshakes verify legitimate readers.
- Data Segmentation: Separated memory blocks limit access (e.g., biometrics vs. ID number).
- Shielding: Built-in metal layers block rogue readers (e.g., RFID-blocking wallets).
- Dynamic Codes: One-time passwords generate per transaction to prevent replay attacks.
Cykeo’s corporate access cards use multi-layer encryption that self-locks after 3 failed scan attempts.
4. Applications Beyond Access Control
| Industry | Implementation |
|---|---|
| Corporate Security | Keyless building access with time restrictions |
| Public Transit | Touchless fare payments (e.g., London Oyster) |
| Healthcare | Patient identification and medication tracking |
| Payment Systems | Contactless Visa/Mastercard transactions |
5. Comparing RFID Cards to Alternatives
| Type | RFID Card | Magnetic Stripe | NFC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Security | High (encryption) | Low (static data) | High (dynamic codes) |
| Durability | 5–10 years | 1–3 years | Varies by device |
| Speed | < 0.5 seconds | 2–3 seconds | Instant |
| Contact Required? | No (proximity-based) | Yes (swipe/insert) | Touch required |
6. Future Innovations
- Biometric Integration: Fingerprint sensors embedded in cards.
- Energy-Harvesting: Solar-powered active RFID cards (extended range).
- Blockchain Linking: Immutable audit trails for high-security facilities.
- Eco-Cards: Cykeo’s plant-based biodegradable RFID cards launching 2025.
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