The modular design follows an innovative expansion principle that ensures scalability and flexibility:

• 1. Basic Module Configuration:​ The system starts with a fundamental 1-inlet-3-outlet module that serves as the core sorting unit. This base configuration can handle standard sorting requirements while providing the foundation for future expansion. Each module operates independently yet synchronizes with adjacent units through standardized communication protocols.
• 2. Progressive Expansion Logic:​ When additional sorting capacity is required, new modules can be seamlessly connected to the existing system. Each added module increases the total sorting outlets by two, creating a linear expansion path that maintains system integrity. The modular connection uses standardized mechanical interfaces and electronic communication protocols to ensure smooth integration.
• 3. Centralized Control System:​ Despite the modular design, the entire sorting system is managed by a unified control unit that coordinates all modules. The control system automatically recognizes new modules when connected and redistributes sorting tasks accordingly, ensuring optimal utilization of all available sorting outlets without requiring complex reconfiguration.

The sorter is engineered to accommodate diverse library materials through several design features:

• 1. Size and Weight Compatibility:​ The system can handle standard book sizes ranging from small paperbacks (15cm height) to large reference books (35cm height), with a maximum loading capacity of 50kg per meter of conveyor length. The adjustable roller spacing and belt tension accommodate variations in book dimensions and weight distribution.
• 2. Material Type Adaptability:​ Beyond traditional hardcover and paperback books, the sorter can process various library materials including magazines, journals, and multimedia cases. The gentle handling mechanism ensures that delicate materials and older books are not damaged during the sorting process, with adjustable sorting force settings for different material types.
• 3. Special Format Considerations:​ The system can sort materials with irregular shapes, such as books with protruding components or softcover books that lack rigid structure. The customized sorting algorithms account for these variations, ensuring accurate direction into appropriate sorting bins regardless of material characteristics.

The sorter employs multiple precision technologies to ensure reliable performance:

• 1. Advanced RFID Reading System:​ The dual-frequency RFID readers are strategically positioned to capture tag data from multiple angles, ensuring reliable reads even when books are placed in different orientations. The readers employ anti-collision algorithms that can process multiple tags simultaneously, maintaining accuracy at the maximum 1200 books/hour throughput.
• 2. Precision Timing Control:​ The sorting mechanism is synchronized with the conveyor speed using high-resolution encoders that track book position with millimeter accuracy. This precise timing ensures that sorting actions are triggered at the exact moment when books reach the appropriate diversion point, minimizing mis-sorts.
• 3. Real-Time Monitoring and Correction:​ Integrated sensors continuously monitor the sorting process, detecting any deviations or errors in real-time. If a book is not properly sorted, the system can automatically reroute it for re-processing or flag it for manual intervention, maintaining overall system accuracy while operating at maximum capacity.